Spectrum Journal of Innovation, Reforms and Development

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DEVELOPED NARDO MODEL IN LATERAL THINKING AMONG SECOND-YEAR INTERMEDIATE FEMALE STUDENTS IN MATHEMATICS

2025-03-05T13:27:28+00:00

The current research aims to recognize the impact of Nardo's developed model in lateral thinking in female students II average in mathematics, and the two researchers used the experimental design, as the research sample was divided into two groups, the experimental reached 42 female students, 42 female officers, and a number of equivalencies between the two research groups were made: (Previous achievement in mathematics, time age calculated by months, IQ test) In order to achieve the research objective, a lateral thinking test was prepared consisting of (25) A paragraph, and appropriate statistical analyses of the test paragraphs were applied while ascertaining their cychometric properties. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the two research groups and for the benefit of the experimental group in the dependent variable, and in the light of the research results some recommendations were reached. "The interest in creating the right atmosphere in the lesson and this will stimulate and elevate the motivation of learning in students and thus raise the level of lateral thinking" A number of suggestions were also made, including "a comparative study of Nardo's developed model with other teaching modules."

APPROACHES TO ENHANCING THE ECONOMY OF KARAKALPAKSTAN

2025-03-06T19:42:28+00:00

This article examines key strategies for developing the economy of Karakalpakstan, an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan. The region is rich in natural resources and cultural heritage but faces significant economic challenges, particularly due to the ecological disaster of the Aral Sea. The study identifies crucial sectors for growth, including agriculture, industry, tourism, and environmental restoration. It emphasizes the need for modern infrastructure, sustainable practices, and investment in human capital to ensure long-term economic development. By implementing these strategies, Karakalpakstan can unlock its economic potential, improve living standards, and contribute to the broader economic growth of Uzbekistan.

INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS, PARADIGMS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, AND MECHANISMS OF CIVIC PARTICIPATION IN THE PUBLIC SAFETY SYSTEM OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF STATE-SOCIETY INSTITUTIONAL INTERACTION IN THE CONTEXT OF MODE

2025-03-15T15:26:00+00:00

This study is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of citizen involvement in ensuring public safety in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), with an emphasis on theoretical foundations and practical applications of legal regulatory mechanisms. The focus is on key legislative acts that govern the interaction between state institutions and public organizations, including such fundamental documents as the PRC laws "On National Security" and "On Counter-Terrorism." The study examines mechanisms of citizen participation, among which the activities of residents’ committees, auxiliary police units, and digital innovations—particularly the social credit system—are evaluated as tools for optimizing public safety. Based on an analysis of statistical data and expert opinions, the functionality and effectiveness of these mechanisms are studied, highlighting their advantages and identifying limitations.

PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISES USED IN THERAPEUTIC PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2025-03-15T15:29:51+00:00

This article provides information on how physical exercises can be used to treat and prevent various diseases in the growing generation. Additionally, therapeutic physical education involves the conduction of exercises aimed at general stimulation of the patient, which improves the transmission of sensory and motor impulses, enhances the blood supply to the affected area, strengthens weakened muscles, and helps to relax contracted muscles.

MODERN BORROWINGS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2025-03-20T18:31:40+00:00

The article is devoted to the study of modern borrowings in the Russian language, as well as their influence on its structure and development. The main sources of borrowings, such as English, French, German and other languages, as well as ways of adapting borrowed words in the Russian language are considered. The article also analyzes the role of borrowings in modern communication, their perception by native speakers and their impact on language culture.

THE ROLE OF HOLONIC INDUSTRIAL IN ENHANCING PRODUCT QUALITY: AN INVESTIGATIVE STUDY IN NORTH OIL COMPANY

2025-03-21T07:33:07+00:00

The current study aims to determine the role of Holonic Manufacturing in enhancing product quality across its three dimensions (performance, reliability, durability). To achieve the research objective and answer the questions raised by its problem, the most prominent of which was: "What is the nature of the correlation and impact relationships between Holonic Manufacturing and product quality?" a random sample of 40 employees from North Oil Company was selected. A questionnaire was used as the primary tool for data collection from the surveyed company. For data analysis, the researcher relied on the (SPSS V25) program. The research concluded with several findings, the most significant of which was the existence of a meaningful correlation and impact relationship between Holonic Manufacturing and product quality. Based on this, a set of recommendations was presented to the management of the surveyed company, the most notable of which was the necessity of increasing attention to all means that could enhance product quality within the company.

MASTER'S DEGREE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS

2025-03-21T10:05:57+00:00

Ensuring peace and stability on a global scale has always been a matter of great importance. The role of religion in this process is interpreted in different ways. In some cases, religion is seen as a source of conflict, while in others, it serves as a tool for strengthening peace. This article analyzes the role of religion in maintaining peace and stability, explores international experiences, and examines the place of religious values in dialogue and diplomacy.

SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL REFORMS IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN NEW UZBEKISTAN

2025-03-26T14:25:27+00:00

The article analyzes the spiritual and cultural reforms being implemented in higher education institutions during the "New Uzbekistan" period. The need to strengthen spirituality and national values in the education system, the impact of globalization, and shortcomings in the spiritual formation of young people are considered. New programs introduced in higher education institutions, the role of disciplines such as "Spirituality and Enlightenment", measures to improve the moral education of students, as well as measures to preserve and develop cultural heritage are highlighted. The importance of spiritual and educational exchange through international cooperation is emphasized, and the role of reforms in the development of society is assessed.

FEATURES OF PROFESSIONAL AND PRACTICAL PHYSICAL TRAINING OF VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS

2025-04-03T07:04:37+00:00

The article describes the specialized practical nature of professional and practical physical training conducted in vocational schools, associated with the field of labor and military activity, and proves the need for serious scientific development of a professional curriculum in this regard.

THE ROLE OF PENCIL DRAWING IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ ARCHITECTURAL IMAGINATION

2025-04-03T07:08:42+00:00

This article provides a scientific analysis of the role of pencil drawing exercises in shaping architectural imagination among students in architectural education. The study explores how pencil drawing contributes to the development of key professional competencies such as spatial thinking, compositional balance, proportional perception, artistic reasoning, and aesthetic sensitivity. Empirical observations, diagnostic assessments, and statistical analyses confirm the direct impact of pencil drawing on the effectiveness of design-related coursework. The research also addresses the integration of pencil drawing with digital technologies and proposes practical recommendations for improving curriculum design and instructional methods in architectural programs.

TEACHING LANGUAGE WITHOUT TRANSLATION FOR ADULT LEARNERS

2025-04-03T07:15:07+00:00

In particular, this article covers the following: organic comprehension which is to absorb language directly without translation; This article examines how language is processed by our brains, the advantages of immersion, and methods for understanding meaning without the use of translation; Benefits of understanding without translation; Teaching a language without translation strategies.

3D TECHNOLOGY AS A MODERN METHOD FOR STUDYING AND USING THE BUKHARA SHRINE

2025-04-04T15:08:31+00:00

Uzbekistan, with its rich cultural and spiritual heritage, memory and fine arts, historical monuments, as well as many world-famous famous and great ancestors such as Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari, Muhammad Musa al-Khwarizmi, Abu Nasr al-Farabi, Ahmad al-Farghani, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, Ahmad Yassawi, Abu Isa al-Termizi, Mirza Ulug'yek, Bahauddin Naqshband, Abdulkhaliq G'ijduvani, Khoja Ali Romitani, Amir Temur, Alisher Navoi, Babur, continues to attract world scholars and tourists. This, in turn, increases our unique place and influence in international tourism markets.

INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN MAINTAINING PUBLIC ORDER: REGIONAL SPECIFICITIES OF THE POST-SOVIET SPACE IN CENTRAL ASIA - A COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY OF KAZAKH AND TAJIK MODELS

2025-04-09T19:23:54+00:00

This article examines the legal regulation of citizen participation in ensuring public safety in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, analyzing their legislative systems, law enforcement practices, and potential for regional cooperation. Drawing on primary sources—including laws, reports from ministries of internal affairs, court decisions, and academic studies—the study identifies the strengths of both models: Kazakhstan’s preventive approach, which reduced street crime by 23.1% in 2024, and Tajikistan’s territorial adaptation, which decreased offenses by 16.8%. A comparative analysis highlights their differences—strict regulation versus flexibility—and their complementarity. Successful cases, such as joint exercises in 2022 that reduced cross-border incidents by 12%, underscore the value of coordination. The article proposes establishing a platform within the EAEC and CSTO frameworks for experience sharing to enhance regional security. It contributes to the global discourse on the role of citizens in maintaining order, offering a model for countries with traditions of collective responsibility.

EXPLORING THE EVALUATION CATEGORY IN POLITICAL MEDIA DISCOURSE

2025-04-09T19:26:33+00:00

This article examines the evaluation category within political media discourse, focusing on how language choices shape public perception and influence ideological narratives. By analyzing the evaluative language used in media representations of political figures, policies, and events, the study highlights how discourse strategies contribute to the construction of social and political realities. Drawing from discourse analysis and political linguistics, the research identifies key linguistic tools, such as bias, stereotyping, and symbolic references, that shape public opinion and influence collective attitudes.

DEVELOPING NUMBER AND DATE OF SORGHUM IN THE CONDITION OF SYRDARYA PROVINCE

2025-04-10T19:15:57+00:00

It is no secret that the rapid land reclamation, i.e., their salinization and depletion of irrigation water reserves, will turn Uzbekistan into the most difficult region of the arid region in the coming years. Now it is appropriate to conduct large-scale practical and scientific research on improving the land reclamation state of soils and saving irrigation water reserves in the republic's agriculture (4, 5, 10). During the visit of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Syrdarya region in May 2017 and April 2018, the "Bek Cluster" enterprise was established, where it is planned to grow 80 thousand tons of fodder crops. In order to achieve the specific task set out above, the cultivation of fodder crops in the conditions of the Syrdarya province is an urgent issue (1).

ABOUT ONE METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE PARAMETERS OF A GIVEN POLYLINE

2025-04-12T17:17:33+00:00

An iterative algorithm of the static-geometric method of forming a broken line with equal angles of adjacent links and pairwise equal links is considered.

EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHOD IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE DEPENDING ON THE STATUS OF CITOKIN

2025-04-16T18:44:36+00:00

This article presents an analysis of the results of anti-inflammatory treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on changes in the dynamics of indicators of systemic inflammation depending on the type of risk and duration of treatment. Short-term administration of the anti-inflammatory drug roflumilast into the complex therapy of low-risk COPD patients provides a significant decrease in systemic inflammatory activity, which is accompanied by a decrease in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α), CRP, fibrinogen.

CARDIOVASCULAR ACTIVITY IN MILD FORMS OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

2025-04-16T18:47:41+00:00

Disorders of intracardiac blood flow in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) are associated with the severity of obstructive syndrome, while changes in the lungs and minor blood circulation occur periodically as changes in blood movement. The study of disorders of the cardiovascular system in BA can play an important role in the process of their treatment.

STUDY OF THE DEMAND LEVEL FOR SPARE PARTS IN AUTO SERVICE ENTERPRISES

2025-04-16T20:32:20+00:00

The article presents the results of modeling the need for spare parts using adaptive mathematical models for the formation of the need for spare parts of car service enterprises, the emergence, randomness, and distribution patterns of the need for spare parts during maintenance and repair of vehicles, and forecasting.