Spectrum Journal of Innovation, Reforms and Development

SOIL IMPROVEMENT BY SAND DRAIN /REVIEW

2025-05-06T13:12:54+00:00

Soil techniques used in stabilizing weak soils such as clay or saline soils are very diverse in terms of the mechanisms used and the material used, in addition to the multiple methods in their implementation. Over time, the construction industry has embraced a number of effective soil improvement techniques for liquefaction mitigation. In this research paper, a review was made on soil stabilization techniques and was reinforced by some research that adopted some of these techniques. The focus was on one of the vertical methods, which is called sand drains, and this method was explained in detail with some research that adopted this method to stabilize the soil. Also in this research, some of the soil's mechanical characteristics represented by (tensile strength), (shear strength) and (Compressibility) of soil, were explained, in addition to mentioning a group of researches that were explained and adopted.

THE ROLE OF ACOUSTIC DESIGN IN ENHANCING SUSTAINABILITY IN IRAQI SECONDARY SCHOOLS: MADIHA AL-BIRMANI SCHOOL IS A CASE STUDY

2025-05-06T13:15:44+00:00

The design of buildings in general and schools in particular requires a careful consideration of the impact of the design on sound clarity in a way that helps in avoiding acoustic problems such as noise, echo, etc. Therefore, emphasis must be placed on achieving auditory comfort and providing a good study environment in the classrooms. To achieve this, the architect must be innovative and thoughtful, planning and designing to achieve a sustainable environment that maintains environmental balance without compromising the divine balance created by the Lord of the Worlds. For that, and taking into consideration the importance of sound in the success of the teaching and educational process in our schools in Iraq, it is important to shed light on schools designing and find sustainable solutions without using energy sources. Based on the importance of the topic of sound, the researcher explains in the current study the effect of using sustainable materials in reaching acoustic comfort. To achieve this, the researcher chose a classroom in one of the distinguished schools in Iraq as a sample for research and studied it to identify audio problems and find appropriate solutions for them. The researcher resorted to audio analysis using the Odeon program to calculate sound intensity. She introduced different changes to the endings in the Odeon program and measured the sound intensity for each change separately. At the end of the study it was found that changing the ceiling finishes had the greatest impact in reducing acoustic problems. Based on these conclusions, some recommendations and specific suggestions were put forward.

THE PUBLIC SERVANT IN IRAQ

2025-05-06T13:18:34+00:00

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the public servant in Iraq, addressing their legal definition, relationship with the state, and the regulatory framework of their legal status. It explores career movements including promotion, transfer, secondment, and deputation, with a focus on the legal and administrative conditions governing such processes. The research also examines obstacles to promotion and related exceptions, highlighting the legal safeguards available to public employees. Drawing on Iraqi and comparative legislation, the study provides practical recommendations to enhance public service efficiency and uphold administrative justice.

ARTISTIC LITERATURE AS A FACTOR OF PERSONAL SPIRITUAL ELEVATION

2025-05-09T06:03:13+00:00

This scientific article examines the role of artistic literature as a powerful medium in the spiritual development of the individual. Drawing from classical and contemporary literary texts, the article provides an interdisciplinary analysis of how literature cultivates moral values, strengthens personal identity, and fosters national consciousness. The study utilizes hermeneutic and cultural-historical methodologies to explore how fictional narratives shape ethical reflection and societal behavior.

STUDY OF THE DEMAND LEVEL FOR SPARE PARTS IN AUTO SERVICE ENTERPRISES

2025-05-11T02:42:46+00:00

The article presents the results of modeling the need for spare parts using adaptive mathematical models for the formation of the need for spare parts of car service enterprises, the emergence, randomness, and distribution patterns of the need for spare parts during maintenance and repair of vehicles, and forecasting.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICE, TOPICAL ISSUES

2025-05-13T16:20:09+00:00

The article deals with the topical issues of the functioning of the psychological service in modern conditions. Psychological assistance is becoming an integral part of the social infrastructure, every year becoming more and more important. In the conditions of a dynamically developing society, the increase in the need for psychological support has become an important part of social work. psychological service, as well as the challenges and problems faced by specialists in this field. Various models of psychological service are investigated, the problems of ethics in the work of psychologists and approaches to the training of specialists are analyzed.

USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION PROCESS

2025-05-13T16:23:27+00:00

The integration of digital technology in the education process has transformed traditional teaching and learning methods, fostering a more interactive, flexible, and student-centered environment. This paper explores the various ways digital tools—such as e-learning platforms, virtual simulations, learning management systems (LMS), and mobile applications—enhance instructional delivery and learner engagement. It also examines the benefits and challenges of implementing digital technologies in diverse educational settings, highlighting their role in promoting accessibility, inclusivity, and personalized learning. The study underscores the importance of teacher training, infrastructure development, and policy support for the effective adoption of digital education.