Spectrum Journal of Innovation, Reforms and Development

TRADE AND DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN BUKHARA EMIRATE AND RUSSIA IN THE XVIII-XIX CENTURIES

2024-04-09T07:14:29+00:00

In this article, trade relations between the Bukhara Emirate and Russia, Siberia and Orenburg trade routes, the most important sources of raw materials, the textile industry, 1755 Ernazar Maksutov's ambassadorship, 1797 Polvonkuli's ambassadorship, 1858 Colonel Ignatyev's embassy.

BASED ON THE WORKS OF EASTERN THINKERS DEVELOPMENT OF MORAL QUALITIES IN STUDENTS

2024-04-10T14:49:29+00:00

This article presents the views of thinkers on the development of moral qualities in students. The categories of morality are listed.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GERMANY'S INVESTMENT STRATEGY IN CENTRAL ASIA: A CLOSER LOOK AT KAZAKHSTAN AND UZBEKISTAN

2024-04-10T14:52:06+00:00

Germany's investment footprint in Central Asia, particularly in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, marks a significant pivot towards tapping into the region's burgeoning economic landscape. Over the past two decades, Central Asia has undergone remarkable transformations, demonstrated robust growth trajectories, and emerged as a dynamic player on the global economic stage. Despite a regional GDP that has soared to $347 billion in 2022 through an average annual growth rate of 6.2%, and a population nearing 77 million with a 2% annual increase, Central Asia remains underappreciated in its economic potential by the broader international community. This narrative is gradually shifting as foreign direct investment (FDI) in the region has reached an impressive $211 billion, with trade turnover multiplying sixfold since the turn of the millennium. This analysis zeroes in on Germany's strategic engagement with Central Asia, focusing on its investment ventures in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. These two nations stand out due to their strategic geographic positioning, economic reforms, and pivotal roles in fostering regional integration and connectivity. Germany's investment strategy in these countries is emblematic of a broader recognition of Central Asia's strategic importance in the Eurasian corridor, leveraging the region's transit potential and burgeoning markets.

LITERARY TRANSLATION AND ITS STYLISTIC ANALYSIS

2024-04-15T13:18:11+00:00

Unlike painters, sculptors, or composers in the fields of fine arts and music, writers express their inner world and their perception of reality through unique means that may not be universally understood. Just as a painter utilizes visual imagery and a musician uses auditory imagery, a translator must possess a high level of skill to recreate and represent these elements through verbal imagery. In literary translation, the aesthetic qualities stem from the intricate restructuring of the artistic image found in the original text. These are tools specific to the language in which the writer crafts their literary work.[1]