METHODS OF TRANSLATING CULTURAL REALIAS

Abstract

There are two main difficulties in transferring realia in translation: the lack of a correspondence (equivalent, analogue) in the language of translation due to the lack of an object (referent) denoted by the realia among the speakers of this language and the need, along with the objective meaning (semantics) of the realia, to convey color (connotation) - its national and historical coloring. However, some realities have single matches in the target language (“House of Commons” - “House of Commons”). “A single match means that in most cases a given unit of the source language is translated by the same unit of the target language”[6]. When translating such realities that have single correspondences, there are practically no difficulties. The possibilities of translating realities, which are actually encountered in translations, are reduced to four main cases: transliteration or transcription, the creation of a new (or complex) word based on elements already existing in the language, likening translation, refined in context, and hyponymic translation (replacing a specific concept with a generic one). ). The question of choosing between transcription (transliteration) and direct translation concerns mainly words that are still unfamiliar to native speakers of the target language.