GA-OPTIMIZED PID CONTROL STRATEGY FOR AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL IN TWO-AREA INTERCONNECTED POWER SYSTEMS

Abstract

This paper compares the load frequency control of a two-area linked power system using genetic algorithm-optimized PID (GA-PID) controllers and conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. Three scenarios—without any controller, with a conventional PID controller, and with an optimized GA-PID system—are simulated for frequency deviation reactions under load perturbations. The two-area system's complete dynamic model is developed. The efficacy of each control approach is evaluated using key metrics such as steady-state frequency deviation, overshoot, and settling time. Simulation findings show that, in comparison to the uncontrolled system and the typical PID controller, the GA-PID controller significantly reduces frequency deviations and increases system stability. The new controller dampens oscillations faster and is more resilient to load perturbations. These findings imply that evolutionary optimization techniques, such as genetic algorithms, can effectively improve controller performance in complex power system applications.