DYNAMICS OF THE PREVALENCE OF PULMONARY DISEASES (COPD, PNEUMONIA, BRONCHIAL ASTHMA) AND ANALYSIS OF RISK GROUPS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN
Keywords:
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), pneumonia, bronchial asthma, Form F-030/u, bronchiectasis, sarcoidosis, PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter.Abstract
This article analyzes the prevalence dynamics and epidemiological characteristics of bronchopulmonary system pathologies (COPD, pneumonia, bronchial asthma) among the population of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, an area of the Aral Sea environmental crisis, during the period of 2024–2025. A retrospective analysis was conducted based on the official statistical reports of regional medical institutions. The results of the study demonstrated a stable increase in overall respiratory morbidity by 17.5% within a single year. A demographic evaluation of the disease structure revealed a sharp surge in acute pneumonia by 74.8% and bronchial asthma by 31%. Multifactorial analysis established that women over the age of 60 constitute the highest clinical risk group. The obtained data medically substantiate the urgent need to optimize early screening systems, non-invasive diagnostics, and to develop targeted preventive pulmonological strategies in environmentally distressed regions.
